Charger
The charger is a device to replenish power to the battery, generally divided into two-stage charging mode and three-stage mode. Two-stage charging mode: the first constant voltage charging, charging current with the rise of the battery voltage gradually decreases, and so on the battery power to a certain extent, the battery voltage will rise to the charger's set value, at this time converted to trickle charging. Three-stage charging mode: at the beginning of charging, the first constant-current charging, quickly replenish the battery energy; when the battery voltage rises to constant-voltage charging, when the battery energy is slowly replenished, the battery voltage continues to rise; to reach the charger's charging termination voltage value, the switch to trickle charging, in order to maintain the battery and the supply of the battery's self-discharge current.
Battery
Batteries are the accompanying energy source that provides the energy of the electric vehicle, and electric vehicles mainly use a combination of lead-acid batteries. In addition nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries have been used in some lightweight folding electric vehicles.
Tips for use: The main control board of the controller is the main circuit of the electric vehicle, which has a large working current and will emit a large amount of heat. Therefore, electric vehicles should not be parked in the sun exposure, and do not prolonged rain, so as to avoid controller failure.
Controller
The controller is the component that controls the speed of the motor and is the core of the electric system of the e-bike, with under-voltage, current limitation or over-current protection. Intelligent controller also has a variety of riding modes and self-test function of the whole vehicle electrical components. The controller is the core component of energy management and various control signal processing of the electric vehicle.
Turnbuckle, gate handle
The turnbuckle and brake handle are the signal input parts of the controller. The turnbuckle signal is the driving signal of electric vehicle motor rotation. The brake handle signal is an electric signal output to the controller from the internal electronic circuit of the brake handle when the electric vehicle brakes; the controller will cut off the power supply to the motor after receiving this signal, thus realizing the function of braking and power-off.
Boost Sensor
The power sensor is a device that detects the riding pedal force and pedal speed signal when the electric bike is in the power state. The controller according to the electric drive power, in order to achieve the human power and electric power automatically match, and jointly drive the electric bike rotation. The most trendy power-assisted sensor is the center-axis bilateral torque sensor, and its product feature is that it can collect the pedaling force from both left and right sides, and adopts the non-contact electromagnetic signal collection method, which improves the accuracy and reliability of the signal collection.
Motor
The most important accessory of an e-bike is the motor, and the motor of an e-bike basically determines the performance and grade of the bike. Most of the motors used in e-bikes are high-efficiency rare-earth permanent magnet motors, which are mainly divided into three types: high-speed brushed tooth + wheel geared motors, low-speed brushed motors and low-speed brushless motors.
The motor is the component that converts the battery electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the rotation of the e-bike wheel. There are many kinds of motors used in electric vehicles in terms of their mechanical structure, speed range and form of energization. The common ones are: brushed geared hub motors, brushed gearless hub motors, brushless gearless hub motors, brushless geared hub motors, high disk motors, side-mounted motors and so on.
Lamps and meters
Lamps and gauges are a combination of components that provide illumination and display the status of the electric vehicle. Instrumentation generally provides battery voltage display, vehicle speed display, riding status display, lamp status display and so on. Intelligent meters can also display the fault conditions of the electrical components of the whole vehicle.
Common Structure
Most e-bikes use hub motors to directly drive the front or rear wheel to rotate. According to the different output speeds, these hub motors are matched with wheels of different diameters to drive the entire vehicle, with a speed of up to 20km/h. Although the shape of these e-bikes and the installation position of the battery are not the same, the driving and control principles have commonality. This type of e-bike is the mainstream of e-bike products.
E-bikes with special construction
A small number of e-bikes are driven by non-hub type motors. These e-bikes use side-mounted or column motors, center-mounted motors, and friction tire motors. E-bikes with this type of motor drive generally have a reduced overall vehicle weight and a lower motor efficiency than the hub type. For the same battery energy, the entire vehicle using these motors will generally have a 5-10% shorter range than a hub-type vehicle.